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The following glossary is reprinted from the Palm Beach Jewelry Site:
Glossary of Gemstones
Abalone
Alexandrite
Amber
Amethyst
Ametrine
Apatite
Aquamarine
Aurora Borealis
Aventurine
Birthstones
Biwa Pearls
Blue Chalcedony
Blue Obsidian
Blue Topaz
Blue Zircon
Butterscotch Amber
Carnelian
Citrine Coral
Cubic Zirconia
Diamond
Ebony
Emerald
Garnet
Gaspeite
Green Sapphire
Hematite
Howlite
Imperial Jade
Iolite
Jade
Jasper
Lapis Lazuli
Lavender Jade
London Blue Topaz
Mabe
Malachite Marcasite
Moonstone
Mother-of-pearl
Mount St. Helens
Onyx
Opal
Paua Shell
Peach Moonstone
Pearl (Cultured)
Pearl (Freshwater)
Peridot
Picasso Marble
Picture Chalcedony
Pink Sapphire
Rainbow Moonstone
Recrystallized Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds
Rhodolite
Rose Quartz Ruby
Russian Green Amber
Ryolite
Sapphire
Sardonyx
Scarabs
Sky Blue Topaz
Smoky Quartz
Sodalite
Spiney Oyster
Star Sapphire
Sugilite
Sunstone
Swiss Blue Topaz
Tanzanite
Tiger's-Eye
Turquoise
White Quartz
Wyoming Jade
jewelry terms
Bar-bead
Bezel-Set
Carats
Cartouche Channel-Set
Diamond Accent
Eurowire
Filigree Greek Key
Huggie-Style
Imported
Lab-Created Pavé
Quartz Movement
Total Weight
Ultra-Cut
metal types
Gold
Gold Electroplate Gold over Silver
Goldtone
Gun Metal Platinum
Silvertone Sterling Silver
Tritone
Tutone
stone shapes
Baguette
Briolette
Cabochon Emerald
Heart-Shaped
Marquise
Octagonal Oval
Pear-Shaped
Princess
Radiant Round
Square
Tapered Baguette
Trilliant
gemstones
Abalone
The abalone pearl is one of the most beautiful and unusual types of pearls, as well as one of the rarest. The abalone produces the world's most spectacularly colored shell and an exquisite, highly iridescent precious pearl. The colors are rich and exotic. The abalone pearl is also known for its strength and durability. With its mirror-like luster, sensuous hues and smooth surface, the abalone pearl is quickly becoming the gem of choice for women who yearn for something extraordinary and rare.
Alexandrite
Named after Czar Alexander II. Exhibits a deep green color in sunlight that can change to red or mauve under artificial light. Found in Russia, Sri Lanka and Brazil.
Amber
Amber is actually the fossilized, hardened resin of the pine tree, formed over 50 million years ago. Found primarily in the Baltic regions, amber gemstones may actually contain the remnants of prehistoric insects or plants. Often referred to as "the gold of the north," amber is increasingly popular in a wide variety of jewelry. See also butterscotch amber and Russian green amber.
Amethyst
The most valuable variety of quartz. Amethysts exhibit a rich, purple color and were once believed to possess supernatural powers. They are also often associated with royalty and great wealth. Found primarily in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Australia and parts of the United States.
Ametrine
Do you love both the purple of amethyst and the sunny gold of citrine? Ametrine is the perfect gem for you! Sometimes amethyst and citrine colors are found in the same crystal of quartz. These bi-color yellow and purple quartz gemstones are called ametrine.
Apatite
Apatite, a glass-like stone, comes in transparent, translucent and opaque forms. It is available in a beautiful array of colors varying from white to brown to green to yellow and even violet. Its crystal shape is hexagonal.
Aquamarine
Named for its beautiful sea-water color, the word aquamarine is Latin-derived, and means "water of the sea." Aquamarines are members of the beryl group of minerals, which also includes emeralds, and are found primarily in Brazil and Russia.
Aurora Borealis
Exquisite man-made crystal with a unique brilliant white luminescence that compares to the "Northern Lights."
Aventurine
Aventurine is a member of the quartz group of crystals, and occurs in a wide variety of colors, including red, brown and dark green. Aventurine gemstones may actually contain minute particles of other minerals which give them a lovely, shimmering surface. Important deposits are in India, Brazil and Russia.
Biwa Pearls
Exquisite freshwater pearls grow in mussels inside lakes and streams all over the world. Some of the best quality freshwater pearls are Biwa pearls cultivated in Lake Biwa, Japan. Their beautiful natural colors range from cream to peach to rose.
Blue Chalcedony
Blue chalcedony and blue lace agate are members of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Both are opaque in color, and exhibit a wide variety of intricate designs and banding. Chalcedony forms under tremendous heat, and is mostly found in rocks such as volcanic lava.
Blue Obsidian
The natural beauty of blue obsidian is incomparable with mesmerizing color. The blue obsidian is rare; it was formed inside a volcano in China. It is natural glass, the result of lava that cooled quickly. Obsidian is most often black, sometimes containing brown and grey material. Red, blue or green obsidian is extremely rare.
Blue Topaz
Topaz occurs in a range of different colors. Much colorless topaz is irradiated and heat-treated to attain the blue color. Please also see London blue topaz, Swiss blue topaz and sky blue topaz.
Blue Zircon
For thousands of years zircon has been renowned for its great brilliance and intense fire. Ranging in colors from grey to brown, zircon is often heated to produce a wide variety of colors. In fact, blue zircon gemstones are subjected to temperatures of up to 1,832° Fahrenheit in order to produce just the right shade of blue. Zircon is found in Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Australia and Brazil.
Butterscotch Amber
Amber is the fossilized, hardened resin of trees, formed about 50 million years ago. Amber occurs in nature in several different shades with "butterscotch" being one of the rarer ones. See also Russian green amber.
Carnelian
A member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Carnelian is found primarily in India, and is noted for its rich, vibrant red and orange colors. In ancient times, carnelian stones were worn to lower blood pressure and calm tempers.
Citrine
Citrine is a gem variety of the mineral quartz. The yellow coloration, due to the presence of iron, is also responsible for the name, derived from the word citrus.
Coral
Organic in nature, corals are actually the calcified remains of coral reefs and atolls. Corals are found in a variety of colors, such as pink, white, red and blue, and have been used in jewelry for thousands of years.
Cubic Zirconia
All that sparkles isn't diamond. Cubic zirconia is a man-made stone that is chemically different from a diamond, yet looks very much like the real thing. An alloy of zirconium oxide and usually yttrium oxide, cubic zirconia made its mass-market debut in the 1980's as an inexpensive diamond substitute. Starting with clear, cubic zirconia comes in several colors, with far improved quality. They rate exceptionally high on the four 'C's' scale of rating stones: carat, clarity, color and cut. And when it comes to the fifth 'C' cost, cubic zirconia is a clear-cut winner.
Diamond
Diamond is the hardest mineral known to man. This fact, combined with its exceptional luster and brilliant fire, has made it the most highly prized of any gemstone. Diamonds are crystallized carbon, formed at extremely high temperatures and pressures some 50 miles or more below the earth's surface. Primary deposits are in South Africa. Diamond carat weights may vary by plus or minus 5% of stated carat weight. Minimum clarity: 13/minimum color: K.
Ebony
Ebony is the wood of several species of trees, the best of which is very heavy, almost black, and derived from heartwood only. Because of its dark, rich color, durability, hardness and ability to take a high polish, ebony is used for piano keys, knife handles and jewelry inlaying.
Emerald
Emerald derives its beautiful green color from the presence of chromium and vanadium. Emeralds are rarely flawless, and stones may be oiled to fill cracks, hide flaws and enhance color.
Garnet
The name "garnet" is derived from the Latin word "granatus" in reference to the garnet's deep red color and its resemblance to the seeds of pomegranates.
Gaspeite
Found in the remote areas of Australia, gaspeite is noted for its exceptionally lustrous color, which may range from pale to apple green, with touches of gold and brown.
Green Sapphire
Many sapphires that appear green actually consist of very fine alternating bands of blue and yellow sapphire. Some are found in Thailand and Australia. See also sapphire.
Hematite
Hematite is a form of iron oxide, with a smooth, lustrous surface that elegantly reflects the light. In ancient times hematite was used for mirrors as well as jewelry. It is found primarily in parts of England and Germany.
Howlite
Named after the discoverer Henry How, a geologist from Nova Scotia, howlite is a mineral that forms in nodules that appear like the heads of cauliflower. Veins of black or grey web-like streaks often are interlaced throughout the white-colored nodules, adding to their unique character and beauty. Howlite is usually found in an opaque massive form, although there are extremely rare crystals of howlite.
Imperial Jade
Imperial jade possesses a richer, deeper emerald-color shade of green than any other type of jade. Found only in Burma, it is highly prized for its unique coloring, and is, in fact, the most desired variety of jade. See also jade and lavender jade.
Iolite
Violet-blue iolite has been called water sapphire because of its similarity to blue sapphire when cut. Iolites are found in deposits as small, transparent water-worn pebbles.
Jade
Jade actually refers to two separate gemstones: jadeite and nephrite. Both are highly lustrous when polished, and occur in a wide range of colors, including green, lilac, white, pink, red, blue, black, orange and yellow. See also lavender jade.
Jasper
Jasper is a member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. It is distinguished by its unique, often spotted, design which encompasses a wide variety of colors. The name "jasper," in fact, is Greek for "spotted stone."
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis, is actually composed of several different minerals, the most prominent being lazurite. Lapis has been used in jewelry since the Middle Ages, and is found primarily in Russia and Chile.
Lavender Jade
A genuine jade stone, permanently dyed to a rich, luxurious lavender shade. The dying process involves many steps, requiring dye to actually be forced into the jade stone. See also jade.
London Blue Topaz
A genuine blue topaz gemstone, possessing a deeper, richer and noticeably darker blue color. In fact, it is the darkest of all blue topaz gemstones. See also blue topaz.
Mabe
Mabe refers to the shape of pearls or certain opaque gemstones. Mabe-shaped stones are rounded on one side, and flat on the other. They are also sometimes referred to as "blister pearls."
Malachite
A lustrous green stone that exhibits a stunning pattern of light and dark concentric rings running throughout its surface. Zaire and Australia are the most important producers of malachite.
Marcasite
A grey mineral with a gleaming metallic luster, it is used primarily in estate or classically styled jewelry. Found all over the world, important deposits are in Elba and Italy.
Moonstone
A member of the Feldspar group of minerals, moonstone possesses a luxurious blue-white sheen which actually gives it the appearance of a "shining moon." Found primarily in Sri Lanka, Australia, Burma and Brazil. See also peach moonstone.
Mother-of-pearl
Mother-of-pearl refers to the natural, iridescent coating that lines the inner surface of the shells of pearl-producing oysters.
Mount St. Helens
Our hand-crafted Mt. St. Helens jewelry incorporates deposits recovered from the Mt. St. Helens eruption which occurred in 1980. These one-of-a-kind pieces are found nowhere else in the world.
Onyx
A member of the chalcedony group of minerals, onyx is often used for cameos and inlay work, as well as for polishing into gemstones.
Opal
The flashes of color in opals are provided by unique formations of tiny spheres inside the stone. Opals contain 5-10% water and exhibit a wide range of colors. Opals are found primarily in Australia, as well as the USA, Brazil and Mexico.
Paua Shell
Derived from the Paua mussel found in New Zealand. Paua shells exhibit a variety of colors very similar to opals.
Peach Moonstone
One of the enchanting shades of moonstone. Found primarily in India and Sri Lanka. See also moonstone.
Pearl (Cultured)
Cultured pearls are the beautiful and affordable alternative to scarce natural pearls. Both are organic in nature and derive their beauty from their iridescent aura. In fact, the difference between cultured pearls and natural pearls is that the formation of cultured pearls is initiated by man.
Pearl (Freshwater)
Freshwater pearls are derived from pearl-producing mollusks found in freshwater lakes and streams.
Peridot
Peridots exhibit a lustrous olive or bottle-green color, due primarily to the presence of iron. The largest peridot ever discovered weighs over 310 carats and is on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.
Picture Chalcedony
A member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Picture chalcedony has a surface which appears to be natural abstract art.
Picasso Marble
Picasso marble features striking and dramatic combinations of browns, blacks, greys and whites. Each piece is different and cabochons often look like forest trees and hillsides in winter. Folklore has it contributing to self-control, clarity and total recall of dreams. It is also believed that Picasso marble assists in meditation, as well as protects, nurtures and strengthens.
Pink Sapphire
Pink sapphires are true sapphires, and are among the rarest and most coveted of all colored sapphires. In fact, pink sapphires are even rarer than fine rubies. Sri Lanka and Burma are their primary sources. See also sapphire.
Rainbow Moonstone
A member of the Feldspar group of minerals, rainbow moonstones exhibit a magnificent array of luminous colors. Found primarily in Sri Lanka, Australia, Burma and Brazil. See also moonstone.
Recrystallized Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds
Utilizing the latest technology, actual remnants of genuine gemstones such as sapphires, rubies and emeralds are exposed to intense heat and pressure, and are recrystallized into complete gemstones.
Rhodolite
From the pyrope family of gemstones, rhodolite is Greek for "fiery" and is noted for its rich rose-red or violet color. Found in Sri Lanka, Brazil, Tanzania and the U.S.
Rose Quartz
A member of the quartz group of crystals, rose quartz exhibits a pastel pink color very similar to an actual rose. Rose quartz is found primarily in Brazil.
Ruby
Composed of the mineral corundum, the same mineral which forms sapphires, rubies may be any shade from red to pink, from purple to brown-red.
Russian Green Amber
Found in the Baltic region of Russia, green amber is a colorful variation of yellow amber. Amber, itself, is the fossilized, hardened resin of trees, formed about 50 million years ago. See also butterscotch amber.
Ryolite
Ryolite crystallizes in the form of fine-grained felsite, consisting mainly of alkaline feldspars and quartz. The color ranges include all colors except for dark gray, dark green, and black. Occasionally the form is fashioned to show a spider webbing, which is quite lovely. It is also an excellent stone for meditation, with an emphasis on the search for the highest truth which is inherent in each individual.
Sapphire
Though sapphires occur in a variety of colors, blue is, by far, the most popular. All gem-quality corundum that is not red is considered to be sapphires. Sapphires from different parts of the world are a darker blue and may appear almost black.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a proud member of the chalcedony family, a finely-grained micro-crystalline quartz. Its uniquely beautiful appearance is accentuated by bands of sard (brownish red) and onyx, occasionally with translucent agate. Sardonyx, and quartz in general, are now appreciated for their versatility, compelling colors and especially affordable prices.
Scarabs
Scarabs symbolize the Egyptian god, Khepri, and were worshipped as symbols for rebirth and regeneration. It was also believed that scarabs were responsible for pushing the sun across the sky. Our scarab jewelry features hand-carved semi-precious stones that may be onyx, lapis lazuli, aventurine and/or tiger's-eye.
Sky Blue Topaz
A member of the blue topaz family, sky blue topaz exhibits the lightest blue of any topaz. See also blue topaz.
Sodalite
Named for their high sodium content, sodalite gemstones exhibit a rich blue color interspersed with radiant white highlights. Important deposits are in Brazil, Canada and India.
Smoky Quartz
One of the darker varieties of quartz, it is named for its deep, rich brown color. Smoky quartz is found primarily in Brazil, Madagascar and Australia.
Spiney Oyster
Spiney oyster, Spondylus Brodnip Princess, was discovered in 1535 in the Sea of Cortez, Baja California, Mexico and was then exported for jewelry making use in the Southwest by Native American crafts people. The shell is mainly found in three colors: red, orange and purple. Occasionally, it comes in yellow and white. Spondylus is the Latin word meaning "spines on its back." Brodnip was the name of the scientist who traveled with Cortez when Baja California was discovered, and the name Princess was given to this shell because the King of Spain's daughter fell in love with the magnificent spiney oyster shell.
Star Sapphire
Star sapphires are naturally occurring sapphires containing minute mineral fibers which create a star-shaped pattern on their surface. A true star sapphire will only have a star pattern with either 6 or 12 points. See also sapphire.
Sugilite
Sugilite is named after the Japanese geologist who discovered it, Ken Sugi. It is one of those rare gemstones that has a translucent surface (being opaque, but allowing light to pass through it), and exhibits a rich plum color. Found primarily in the African Kalahari Desert, it is sometimes referred to as Royal Luvulite.
Sunstone
Sunstones are members of the Feldspar group of minerals. They are brilliantly colored and, in ancient times, were believed to be pieces of the sun which fell to earth. They are found primarily in Norway, the US and India.
Swiss Blue Topaz
A member of the blue topaz family, Swiss blue topaz are slightly lighter in color than regular blue topaz and exhibit a more ice-blue color. See also blue topaz.
Tanzanite
Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, tanzanites possess a rich, deep color ranging from violet to blue, and are highly prized for their intense beauty and natural luster.
Tiger's-Eye
A member of the quartz group of crystals with a fibrous structure, tiger's-eye gemstones exhibit bands of color very similar to those of a tiger, as well as a rich silky luster. Found in Australia and Burma.
Turquoise
Turquoise was one of the first gems ever mined. Its color was greatly admired by the ancient Egyptians who first mined turquoise over 6000 years ago. The name actually means "Turkish stone," because the trade route that originally brought it to Europe originated in Turkey. The finest deposits are found in Iran.
White Quartz
If you gaze deep inside a crystal ball, you will see a versatile gemstone, one of the most popular gems on earth. Quartz, the 'rock crystal' used in ancient times to make crystal balls and bowls, is today frequently set into jewelry. The incredible variety of quartz is now appreciated for its beauty and affordable price. White quartz has developed its own legion of admirers. You can sometimes find gleaming white quartz pebbles on beaches.
Wyoming Jade
Wyoming jade, considered to be a "good luck" stone, is abundantly found in Wyoming and is composed of the mineral nephrite. It is used in carvings and for making beautiful bowls, vases and jewelry. Wyoming jade may be translucent or opaque.
jewelry terms
Bar-bead
A style of jewelry that features round beads, interspersed with bar-shaped links. Very popular in necklaces and bracelets that do not contain gemstones.
Bezel-Set
Style of jewelry where the metal fully encases the stone.
Carats
Refers to the unit of weight used in determining the size of diamonds and gemstones.
Cartouche
In ancient Egypt, the cartouche served as a royal seal of protection. Names (expressed in hieroglyphic symbols) were enclosed within the cartouche and worn for protection against one's enemies.
Channel-Set
Stones set in a channel or row, without prongs.
Diamond Accent
Jewelry that has one or more diamonds and combined carat weight is less than 1/4 carat.
Eurowire
Exceptionally thin and comfortable wire design used for pierced earrings.
Filigree
Intricate patterns that actually appear to be woven into the design of jewelry. Found in classically styled and estate-type jewelry.
Greek Key
Distinctive design of interlocking links attributed to the ancient Greeks, symbolizing the unbreakable bonds of love, friendship and devotion.
Huggie-Style
Type of pierced earrings that is hinged in the middle. This allows them to be easily put on and removed.
Imported
If the item is not made in the U.S.A., it may be imported from one of the following countries: Thailand, Dominican Republic, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Canada, South Korea, Israel, Russia, Peru, Poland and Taiwan. Each item will be labeled with its appropriate country of origin. All watch movements are imported from Japan.
Lab-Created
Stones that are made or grown in a laboratory which possess many similar qualities to those of the genuine stone.
Pavé
Multiple gemstones are mounted closely together to form a continuous "sea" of gemstones. While the stones can be small, and are set so closely together as to appear to be one large stone, each is actually a fully faceted, individually cut gemstone.
Quartz Movement
Refers to watch movements powered by a reliable and accurate quartz integrated circuit.
Total Weight
Shown in the catalog as "T.W.," refers to the combined total carat weight of more than one stone.
Ultra-Cut
Refers to a style of jewelry that features very intricately cut, multi-faceted surfaces. This type of pattern or cut creates a unique, sparkling effect when light reflects off its surface.
metal types
Gold
Gold is very soft and easily damaged, and must by combined with other metals such as copper, nickel, silver and zinc to give it strength and durability. Different proportions of these metals are what give gold its rose, green or white coloration. The karat mark tells you the percentage of pure gold used in that particular piece of jewelry:
24k gold = 100% gold
18k gold = 75% gold
14k gold = 58.3% gold
10k gold = 41.7% gold
Gold Electroplate
A layer of 14k gold or 18k gold, at least 7 mils in thickness, plated over a base metal. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Gold over Silver
Sterling silver base to which a layer of 14k gold or 18k gold, at least 7 mils in thickness, has been electroplated or bonded to the silver. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Goldtone
Goldtone refers to jewelry plated with 14k gold, of a thickness less than 7 mils of gold. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Gun Metal
Non-reflective coating applied to metal surfaces that produces an attractive and darker shade than traditional stainless steel.
Platinum
One of the most prized and beautiful precious metals used in the making of jewelry, platinum is now more valuable than gold. In the early 20th century garland-style jewelry, set predominantly with diamonds and pearls, helped popularize platinum. Jewelers then discovered platinum could be worked very finely without losing shape, allowing the fabrication of incredibly delicate and durable jewels.
Silvertone
Refers to non-precious metals that are plated with silver.
Sterling Silver
Pure silver is very soft and must be combined with other metals for use in jewelry. The term "sterling" indicates that the item is at least 925 parts per 1,000 of pure silver and 75 parts per 1,000 of alloy.
Tritone
Jewelry that exhibits three distinct shades of gold.
Tutone
Two different metal types (for example, 10k gold and sterling silver) used together in one piece of jewelry.
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The following glossary is reprinted from the Palm Beach Jewelry Site:
Abalone
Alexandrite
Amber
Amethyst
Ametrine
Apatite
Aquamarine
Aurora Borealis
Aventurine
Birthstones
Biwa Pearls
Blue Chalcedony
Blue Obsidian
Blue Topaz
Blue Zircon
Butterscotch Amber
Carnelian
Citrine Coral
Cubic Zirconia
Diamond
Ebony
Emerald
Garnet
Gaspeite
Green Sapphire
Hematite
Howlite
Imperial Jade
Iolite
Jade
Jasper
Lapis Lazuli
Lavender Jade
London Blue Topaz
Mabe
Malachite Marcasite
Moonstone
Mother-of-pearl
Mount St. Helens
Onyx
Opal
Paua Shell
Peach Moonstone
Pearl (Cultured)
Pearl (Freshwater)
Peridot
Picasso Marble
Picture Chalcedony
Pink Sapphire
Rainbow Moonstone
Recrystallized Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds
Rhodolite
Rose Quartz Ruby
Russian Green Amber
Ryolite
Sapphire
Sardonyx
Scarabs
Sky Blue Topaz
Smoky Quartz
Sodalite
Spiney Oyster
Star Sapphire
Sugilite
Sunstone
Swiss Blue Topaz
Tanzanite
Tiger's-Eye
Turquoise
White Quartz
Wyoming Jade
jewelry terms
Bar-bead
Bezel-Set
Carats
Cartouche Channel-Set
Diamond Accent
Eurowire
Filigree Greek Key
Huggie-Style
Imported
Lab-Created Pavé
Quartz Movement
Total Weight
Ultra-Cut
metal types
Gold
Gold Electroplate Gold over Silver
Goldtone
Gun Metal Platinum
Silvertone Sterling Silver
Tritone
Tutone
stone shapes
Baguette
Briolette
Cabochon Emerald
Heart-Shaped
Marquise
Octagonal Oval
Pear-Shaped
Princess
Radiant Round
Square
Tapered Baguette
Trilliant
gemstones
Abalone
The abalone pearl is one of the most beautiful and unusual types of pearls, as well as one of the rarest. The abalone produces the world's most spectacularly colored shell and an exquisite, highly iridescent precious pearl. The colors are rich and exotic. The abalone pearl is also known for its strength and durability. With its mirror-like luster, sensuous hues and smooth surface, the abalone pearl is quickly becoming the gem of choice for women who yearn for something extraordinary and rare.
Alexandrite
Named after Czar Alexander II. Exhibits a deep green color in sunlight that can change to red or mauve under artificial light. Found in Russia, Sri Lanka and Brazil.
Amber
Amber is actually the fossilized, hardened resin of the pine tree, formed over 50 million years ago. Found primarily in the Baltic regions, amber gemstones may actually contain the remnants of prehistoric insects or plants. Often referred to as "the gold of the north," amber is increasingly popular in a wide variety of jewelry. See also butterscotch amber and Russian green amber.
Amethyst
The most valuable variety of quartz. Amethysts exhibit a rich, purple color and were once believed to possess supernatural powers. They are also often associated with royalty and great wealth. Found primarily in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Australia and parts of the United States.
Ametrine
Do you love both the purple of amethyst and the sunny gold of citrine? Ametrine is the perfect gem for you! Sometimes amethyst and citrine colors are found in the same crystal of quartz. These bi-color yellow and purple quartz gemstones are called ametrine.
Apatite
Apatite, a glass-like stone, comes in transparent, translucent and opaque forms. It is available in a beautiful array of colors varying from white to brown to green to yellow and even violet. Its crystal shape is hexagonal.
Aquamarine
Named for its beautiful sea-water color, the word aquamarine is Latin-derived, and means "water of the sea." Aquamarines are members of the beryl group of minerals, which also includes emeralds, and are found primarily in Brazil and Russia.
Aurora Borealis
Exquisite man-made crystal with a unique brilliant white luminescence that compares to the "Northern Lights."
Aventurine
Aventurine is a member of the quartz group of crystals, and occurs in a wide variety of colors, including red, brown and dark green. Aventurine gemstones may actually contain minute particles of other minerals which give them a lovely, shimmering surface. Important deposits are in India, Brazil and Russia.
Biwa Pearls
Exquisite freshwater pearls grow in mussels inside lakes and streams all over the world. Some of the best quality freshwater pearls are Biwa pearls cultivated in Lake Biwa, Japan. Their beautiful natural colors range from cream to peach to rose.
Blue Chalcedony
Blue chalcedony and blue lace agate are members of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Both are opaque in color, and exhibit a wide variety of intricate designs and banding. Chalcedony forms under tremendous heat, and is mostly found in rocks such as volcanic lava.
Blue Obsidian
The natural beauty of blue obsidian is incomparable with mesmerizing color. The blue obsidian is rare; it was formed inside a volcano in China. It is natural glass, the result of lava that cooled quickly. Obsidian is most often black, sometimes containing brown and grey material. Red, blue or green obsidian is extremely rare.
Blue Topaz
Topaz occurs in a range of different colors. Much colorless topaz is irradiated and heat-treated to attain the blue color. Please also see London blue topaz, Swiss blue topaz and sky blue topaz.
Blue Zircon
For thousands of years zircon has been renowned for its great brilliance and intense fire. Ranging in colors from grey to brown, zircon is often heated to produce a wide variety of colors. In fact, blue zircon gemstones are subjected to temperatures of up to 1,832° Fahrenheit in order to produce just the right shade of blue. Zircon is found in Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Australia and Brazil.
Butterscotch Amber
Amber is the fossilized, hardened resin of trees, formed about 50 million years ago. Amber occurs in nature in several different shades with "butterscotch" being one of the rarer ones. See also Russian green amber.
Carnelian
A member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Carnelian is found primarily in India, and is noted for its rich, vibrant red and orange colors. In ancient times, carnelian stones were worn to lower blood pressure and calm tempers.
Citrine
Citrine is a gem variety of the mineral quartz. The yellow coloration, due to the presence of iron, is also responsible for the name, derived from the word citrus.
Coral
Organic in nature, corals are actually the calcified remains of coral reefs and atolls. Corals are found in a variety of colors, such as pink, white, red and blue, and have been used in jewelry for thousands of years.
Cubic Zirconia
All that sparkles isn't diamond. Cubic zirconia is a man-made stone that is chemically different from a diamond, yet looks very much like the real thing. An alloy of zirconium oxide and usually yttrium oxide, cubic zirconia made its mass-market debut in the 1980's as an inexpensive diamond substitute. Starting with clear, cubic zirconia comes in several colors, with far improved quality. They rate exceptionally high on the four 'C's' scale of rating stones: carat, clarity, color and cut. And when it comes to the fifth 'C' cost, cubic zirconia is a clear-cut winner.
Diamond
Diamond is the hardest mineral known to man. This fact, combined with its exceptional luster and brilliant fire, has made it the most highly prized of any gemstone. Diamonds are crystallized carbon, formed at extremely high temperatures and pressures some 50 miles or more below the earth's surface. Primary deposits are in South Africa. Diamond carat weights may vary by plus or minus 5% of stated carat weight. Minimum clarity: 13/minimum color: K.
Ebony
Ebony is the wood of several species of trees, the best of which is very heavy, almost black, and derived from heartwood only. Because of its dark, rich color, durability, hardness and ability to take a high polish, ebony is used for piano keys, knife handles and jewelry inlaying.
Emerald
Emerald derives its beautiful green color from the presence of chromium and vanadium. Emeralds are rarely flawless, and stones may be oiled to fill cracks, hide flaws and enhance color.
Garnet
The name "garnet" is derived from the Latin word "granatus" in reference to the garnet's deep red color and its resemblance to the seeds of pomegranates.
Gaspeite
Found in the remote areas of Australia, gaspeite is noted for its exceptionally lustrous color, which may range from pale to apple green, with touches of gold and brown.
Green Sapphire
Many sapphires that appear green actually consist of very fine alternating bands of blue and yellow sapphire. Some are found in Thailand and Australia. See also sapphire.
Hematite
Hematite is a form of iron oxide, with a smooth, lustrous surface that elegantly reflects the light. In ancient times hematite was used for mirrors as well as jewelry. It is found primarily in parts of England and Germany.
Howlite
Named after the discoverer Henry How, a geologist from Nova Scotia, howlite is a mineral that forms in nodules that appear like the heads of cauliflower. Veins of black or grey web-like streaks often are interlaced throughout the white-colored nodules, adding to their unique character and beauty. Howlite is usually found in an opaque massive form, although there are extremely rare crystals of howlite.
Imperial Jade
Imperial jade possesses a richer, deeper emerald-color shade of green than any other type of jade. Found only in Burma, it is highly prized for its unique coloring, and is, in fact, the most desired variety of jade. See also jade and lavender jade.
Iolite
Violet-blue iolite has been called water sapphire because of its similarity to blue sapphire when cut. Iolites are found in deposits as small, transparent water-worn pebbles.
Jade
Jade actually refers to two separate gemstones: jadeite and nephrite. Both are highly lustrous when polished, and occur in a wide range of colors, including green, lilac, white, pink, red, blue, black, orange and yellow. See also lavender jade.
Jasper
Jasper is a member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. It is distinguished by its unique, often spotted, design which encompasses a wide variety of colors. The name "jasper," in fact, is Greek for "spotted stone."
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis, is actually composed of several different minerals, the most prominent being lazurite. Lapis has been used in jewelry since the Middle Ages, and is found primarily in Russia and Chile.
Lavender Jade
A genuine jade stone, permanently dyed to a rich, luxurious lavender shade. The dying process involves many steps, requiring dye to actually be forced into the jade stone. See also jade.
London Blue Topaz
A genuine blue topaz gemstone, possessing a deeper, richer and noticeably darker blue color. In fact, it is the darkest of all blue topaz gemstones. See also blue topaz.
Mabe
Mabe refers to the shape of pearls or certain opaque gemstones. Mabe-shaped stones are rounded on one side, and flat on the other. They are also sometimes referred to as "blister pearls."
Malachite
A lustrous green stone that exhibits a stunning pattern of light and dark concentric rings running throughout its surface. Zaire and Australia are the most important producers of malachite.
Marcasite
A grey mineral with a gleaming metallic luster, it is used primarily in estate or classically styled jewelry. Found all over the world, important deposits are in Elba and Italy.
Moonstone
A member of the Feldspar group of minerals, moonstone possesses a luxurious blue-white sheen which actually gives it the appearance of a "shining moon." Found primarily in Sri Lanka, Australia, Burma and Brazil. See also peach moonstone.
Mother-of-pearl
Mother-of-pearl refers to the natural, iridescent coating that lines the inner surface of the shells of pearl-producing oysters.
Mount St. Helens
Our hand-crafted Mt. St. Helens jewelry incorporates deposits recovered from the Mt. St. Helens eruption which occurred in 1980. These one-of-a-kind pieces are found nowhere else in the world.
Onyx
A member of the chalcedony group of minerals, onyx is often used for cameos and inlay work, as well as for polishing into gemstones.
Opal
The flashes of color in opals are provided by unique formations of tiny spheres inside the stone. Opals contain 5-10% water and exhibit a wide range of colors. Opals are found primarily in Australia, as well as the USA, Brazil and Mexico.
Paua Shell
Derived from the Paua mussel found in New Zealand. Paua shells exhibit a variety of colors very similar to opals.
Peach Moonstone
One of the enchanting shades of moonstone. Found primarily in India and Sri Lanka. See also moonstone.
Pearl (Cultured)
Cultured pearls are the beautiful and affordable alternative to scarce natural pearls. Both are organic in nature and derive their beauty from their iridescent aura. In fact, the difference between cultured pearls and natural pearls is that the formation of cultured pearls is initiated by man.
Pearl (Freshwater)
Freshwater pearls are derived from pearl-producing mollusks found in freshwater lakes and streams.
Peridot
Peridots exhibit a lustrous olive or bottle-green color, due primarily to the presence of iron. The largest peridot ever discovered weighs over 310 carats and is on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.
Picture Chalcedony
A member of the chalcedony group of micro-crystalline quartzes. Picture chalcedony has a surface which appears to be natural abstract art.
Picasso Marble
Picasso marble features striking and dramatic combinations of browns, blacks, greys and whites. Each piece is different and cabochons often look like forest trees and hillsides in winter. Folklore has it contributing to self-control, clarity and total recall of dreams. It is also believed that Picasso marble assists in meditation, as well as protects, nurtures and strengthens.
Pink Sapphire
Pink sapphires are true sapphires, and are among the rarest and most coveted of all colored sapphires. In fact, pink sapphires are even rarer than fine rubies. Sri Lanka and Burma are their primary sources. See also sapphire.
Rainbow Moonstone
A member of the Feldspar group of minerals, rainbow moonstones exhibit a magnificent array of luminous colors. Found primarily in Sri Lanka, Australia, Burma and Brazil. See also moonstone.
Recrystallized Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds
Utilizing the latest technology, actual remnants of genuine gemstones such as sapphires, rubies and emeralds are exposed to intense heat and pressure, and are recrystallized into complete gemstones.
Rhodolite
From the pyrope family of gemstones, rhodolite is Greek for "fiery" and is noted for its rich rose-red or violet color. Found in Sri Lanka, Brazil, Tanzania and the U.S.
Rose Quartz
A member of the quartz group of crystals, rose quartz exhibits a pastel pink color very similar to an actual rose. Rose quartz is found primarily in Brazil.
Ruby
Composed of the mineral corundum, the same mineral which forms sapphires, rubies may be any shade from red to pink, from purple to brown-red.
Russian Green Amber
Found in the Baltic region of Russia, green amber is a colorful variation of yellow amber. Amber, itself, is the fossilized, hardened resin of trees, formed about 50 million years ago. See also butterscotch amber.
Ryolite
Ryolite crystallizes in the form of fine-grained felsite, consisting mainly of alkaline feldspars and quartz. The color ranges include all colors except for dark gray, dark green, and black. Occasionally the form is fashioned to show a spider webbing, which is quite lovely. It is also an excellent stone for meditation, with an emphasis on the search for the highest truth which is inherent in each individual.
Sapphire
Though sapphires occur in a variety of colors, blue is, by far, the most popular. All gem-quality corundum that is not red is considered to be sapphires. Sapphires from different parts of the world are a darker blue and may appear almost black.
Sardonyx
Sardonyx is a proud member of the chalcedony family, a finely-grained micro-crystalline quartz. Its uniquely beautiful appearance is accentuated by bands of sard (brownish red) and onyx, occasionally with translucent agate. Sardonyx, and quartz in general, are now appreciated for their versatility, compelling colors and especially affordable prices.
Scarabs
Scarabs symbolize the Egyptian god, Khepri, and were worshipped as symbols for rebirth and regeneration. It was also believed that scarabs were responsible for pushing the sun across the sky. Our scarab jewelry features hand-carved semi-precious stones that may be onyx, lapis lazuli, aventurine and/or tiger's-eye.
Sky Blue Topaz
A member of the blue topaz family, sky blue topaz exhibits the lightest blue of any topaz. See also blue topaz.
Sodalite
Named for their high sodium content, sodalite gemstones exhibit a rich blue color interspersed with radiant white highlights. Important deposits are in Brazil, Canada and India.
Smoky Quartz
One of the darker varieties of quartz, it is named for its deep, rich brown color. Smoky quartz is found primarily in Brazil, Madagascar and Australia.
Spiney Oyster
Spiney oyster, Spondylus Brodnip Princess, was discovered in 1535 in the Sea of Cortez, Baja California, Mexico and was then exported for jewelry making use in the Southwest by Native American crafts people. The shell is mainly found in three colors: red, orange and purple. Occasionally, it comes in yellow and white. Spondylus is the Latin word meaning "spines on its back." Brodnip was the name of the scientist who traveled with Cortez when Baja California was discovered, and the name Princess was given to this shell because the King of Spain's daughter fell in love with the magnificent spiney oyster shell.
Star Sapphire
Star sapphires are naturally occurring sapphires containing minute mineral fibers which create a star-shaped pattern on their surface. A true star sapphire will only have a star pattern with either 6 or 12 points. See also sapphire.
Sugilite
Sugilite is named after the Japanese geologist who discovered it, Ken Sugi. It is one of those rare gemstones that has a translucent surface (being opaque, but allowing light to pass through it), and exhibits a rich plum color. Found primarily in the African Kalahari Desert, it is sometimes referred to as Royal Luvulite.
Sunstone
Sunstones are members of the Feldspar group of minerals. They are brilliantly colored and, in ancient times, were believed to be pieces of the sun which fell to earth. They are found primarily in Norway, the US and India.
Swiss Blue Topaz
A member of the blue topaz family, Swiss blue topaz are slightly lighter in color than regular blue topaz and exhibit a more ice-blue color. See also blue topaz.
Tanzanite
Discovered in Tanzania in 1967, tanzanites possess a rich, deep color ranging from violet to blue, and are highly prized for their intense beauty and natural luster.
Tiger's-Eye
A member of the quartz group of crystals with a fibrous structure, tiger's-eye gemstones exhibit bands of color very similar to those of a tiger, as well as a rich silky luster. Found in Australia and Burma.
Turquoise
Turquoise was one of the first gems ever mined. Its color was greatly admired by the ancient Egyptians who first mined turquoise over 6000 years ago. The name actually means "Turkish stone," because the trade route that originally brought it to Europe originated in Turkey. The finest deposits are found in Iran.
White Quartz
If you gaze deep inside a crystal ball, you will see a versatile gemstone, one of the most popular gems on earth. Quartz, the 'rock crystal' used in ancient times to make crystal balls and bowls, is today frequently set into jewelry. The incredible variety of quartz is now appreciated for its beauty and affordable price. White quartz has developed its own legion of admirers. You can sometimes find gleaming white quartz pebbles on beaches.
Wyoming Jade
Wyoming jade, considered to be a "good luck" stone, is abundantly found in Wyoming and is composed of the mineral nephrite. It is used in carvings and for making beautiful bowls, vases and jewelry. Wyoming jade may be translucent or opaque.
jewelry terms
Bar-bead
A style of jewelry that features round beads, interspersed with bar-shaped links. Very popular in necklaces and bracelets that do not contain gemstones.
Bezel-Set
Style of jewelry where the metal fully encases the stone.
Carats
Refers to the unit of weight used in determining the size of diamonds and gemstones.
Cartouche
In ancient Egypt, the cartouche served as a royal seal of protection. Names (expressed in hieroglyphic symbols) were enclosed within the cartouche and worn for protection against one's enemies.
Channel-Set
Stones set in a channel or row, without prongs.
Diamond Accent
Jewelry that has one or more diamonds and combined carat weight is less than 1/4 carat.
Eurowire
Exceptionally thin and comfortable wire design used for pierced earrings.
Filigree
Intricate patterns that actually appear to be woven into the design of jewelry. Found in classically styled and estate-type jewelry.
Greek Key
Distinctive design of interlocking links attributed to the ancient Greeks, symbolizing the unbreakable bonds of love, friendship and devotion.
Huggie-Style
Type of pierced earrings that is hinged in the middle. This allows them to be easily put on and removed.
Imported
If the item is not made in the U.S.A., it may be imported from one of the following countries: Thailand, Dominican Republic, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, China, Hong Kong, Canada, South Korea, Israel, Russia, Peru, Poland and Taiwan. Each item will be labeled with its appropriate country of origin. All watch movements are imported from Japan.
Lab-Created
Stones that are made or grown in a laboratory which possess many similar qualities to those of the genuine stone.
Pavé
Multiple gemstones are mounted closely together to form a continuous "sea" of gemstones. While the stones can be small, and are set so closely together as to appear to be one large stone, each is actually a fully faceted, individually cut gemstone.
Quartz Movement
Refers to watch movements powered by a reliable and accurate quartz integrated circuit.
Total Weight
Shown in the catalog as "T.W.," refers to the combined total carat weight of more than one stone.
Ultra-Cut
Refers to a style of jewelry that features very intricately cut, multi-faceted surfaces. This type of pattern or cut creates a unique, sparkling effect when light reflects off its surface.
metal types
Gold
Gold is very soft and easily damaged, and must by combined with other metals such as copper, nickel, silver and zinc to give it strength and durability. Different proportions of these metals are what give gold its rose, green or white coloration. The karat mark tells you the percentage of pure gold used in that particular piece of jewelry:
24k gold = 100% gold
18k gold = 75% gold
14k gold = 58.3% gold
10k gold = 41.7% gold
Gold Electroplate
A layer of 14k gold or 18k gold, at least 7 mils in thickness, plated over a base metal. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Gold over Silver
Sterling silver base to which a layer of 14k gold or 18k gold, at least 7 mils in thickness, has been electroplated or bonded to the silver. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Goldtone
Goldtone refers to jewelry plated with 14k gold, of a thickness less than 7 mils of gold. One mil = 1/1000th of an inch.
Gun Metal
Non-reflective coating applied to metal surfaces that produces an attractive and darker shade than traditional stainless steel.
Platinum
One of the most prized and beautiful precious metals used in the making of jewelry, platinum is now more valuable than gold. In the early 20th century garland-style jewelry, set predominantly with diamonds and pearls, helped popularize platinum. Jewelers then discovered platinum could be worked very finely without losing shape, allowing the fabrication of incredibly delicate and durable jewels.
Silvertone
Refers to non-precious metals that are plated with silver.
Sterling Silver
Pure silver is very soft and must be combined with other metals for use in jewelry. The term "sterling" indicates that the item is at least 925 parts per 1,000 of pure silver and 75 parts per 1,000 of alloy.
Tritone
Jewelry that exhibits three distinct shades of gold.
Tutone
Two different metal types (for example, 10k gold and sterling silver) used together in one piece of jewelry.
Delafield, Wi. USA
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